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Friends of the University - Conf?nces - Free of color and propri?anger slaves: Lislet-Geoffroy. Conf?nces - Free of color and propri?anger slaves: Lislet-Geoffroy slave, freed, lislet Geoffroy, niama, black code, Timag?, free of color Please activate JAVASCRIPT to see the site normally. Free of color and propri?anger slaves: Lislet-Geoffroy How Jean-Baptist Lislet-Geoffroy, wire of Niama, former slave, n?ess of Guin? it could reconcile its?t the Free one of color and propri?anger slaves. Christian LANDRY (Pr?dent of Soci? of history of Saint-Joseph) Lislet-Geoffroy: the ambiguous one? of?e Libre of color. How Jean-Baptist Lislet-Geoffroy, wire of Niama, former slave, n?ess of Guin? it could reconcile its?t the Free one of color and propri?anger slaves. How it could be located during a p?ode practically going of Labourdonnais?arda-Garriga, of 1755?836. How it has assum?a condition basically ambigu?e Mul?e. Admittedly, Jean-Baptist Lislet-Geoffroy is the exception. Blacks, Free, Freed and Free of Color. This group, in the common repr?ntation, is that of the slaves. It is?ette?que, which corresponds?'?blissement of the soci? colonial of plantation, that is made the slip s?ntic of the term of Black towards that of slave. These two fields s?ntic will overlap and Black will be synonymous with slave, leaving the place?'?rgence of the Libres term of Color. Let us not speak about Mul?es. The articles of the Code, in fact, deny their existence since the mixed marriages are formally prohibited. Without another patronym that a nickname, Mul?e appara?d?lors like a social accident. To be Mul?e and Libre of Color for Lislet in 1755, it is to carry in its g?s a ind?bile ambiguous?. Their identit?dans the soci? colonial of plantation and in the soci? postcoloniale, will be to them d??par the White as by the Blacks. Their fortune will do them tol?r?a limit, but they will be always consid?s like social b?rds. Did Antoine Boucher?ivait D? in 1709 in its "M?anger to serve?a knowledge of the inhabitants of Isle Bourbon": "You want?ver above your birth which is still held of the n?e as well as your color (.) you want?e white and you practise a life of n?e. It?it in 1709 you, a mani will say to me? of pr?stoire. Then let us listen to another voice, that of eccl?astique: certain Libermann in 1860, it?it almost yesterday. It d?are that as a whole, M?s have the d?uts White and Blacks, but not their qualit? They could not provide a function of pr?e. Between do these two judgements apart 150 years have pass? the Absolute monarchy, R?lution and D?aration of the Humans right, the Abolition of slavery and the moiti?u Second Empire. Doesn't the repr?ntation of Free of Color have gu? vari?' Antoine Boucher?ibermann. It is in this context that Lislet-Geoffroy has v enti?ment?. D?son bapt?, Does Jean-Baptist however have a double advantage on the majority of Free of Color which populates Mascareignes, that of?e n?e m? free and of p? white. Is its maternal filiation read in its act of bapt? "Wire of Niama, n?ess of Guin?Libre". Its paternal filiation, unavowable, is read on its skin. Does this initial condition place it embl? in the hi?rchie of the social conditions, above the freed Black and freed Mul?e. It is n?ibre from its m? and from the volont?e its p?. What to then say "n?ess of Guin? In r?it??' ilet Flat Basin like?aint-Pierre, downtown, anybody?it easily deceived. An erasure which resembles?n regret. All that does m seem to him well pr?pit?Cette? ?it slave at the time of the design of this child and during all his pregnancy too. And, if the Pr kid well is looked at a little more? it A cannot -?e really the air of?e n?u morning. The godmother is Ignace woman of free Fran?s Mallebar and the godfather Jean-Louis, slave of M. The fate wanted that it is widowed twice. it thus made?blir?haque time an inventory apr?d?s. It has, of alive sound, partag?es goods between his two children in front of notary. To see and?anger bases of any social rise. On the other hand it anything against the Free ones Color, were Noirs could not, when they were warned to learn?anger and?crire and, well?demment?aisonner. To see and?anger, it?it to break radically with the?t of slave. It?it also to place itself above many Blancs which could not do it. Will Niama learn?igner to require a concession and acc?r thus?a supr? condition of living in 1757. Lislet, for its part, will be the child prodigy of the family, Jean-Fran?s, Jean-Xavier, Louis, its fr?s will be able to sign and probably read and?anger. Lislet and Mr Geoffroy, are efforc?de to make acqu?r this sup?orit?ociale and cultural?ous the members of their family. It is gr.? ?on?cation which it can sign without trembling, with the bottom of the parchments, well better than the majority of the White. The d?et?it not yet v?tablement enregistr? R?ion which it did have D? fact of?blir the act by which it gave him its name and made its h?tier of it. D?lors, to?artir of 1794, Lislet will be Jean-Baptist Lislet-Geoffroy. It does not carry any more a nickname, it bears a name, a v?table patronym europ?, guarantor of his paternal origin, a name of Free White. To be called of simple a pr?m or a nickname?it the mark of the slave or freed. Moreover colonial onomastics is not priv?d' affubler not freed from the worst nicknames or the most ridiculous mythological names. To be called Jean-Baptist Lislet-Geoffroy, it?it acc?r?n v?table social status. The fate wanted that this name, so patiently acquired, does not survive to him. Indeed, his/her son, Jean-Baptist Marin Lislet-Geoffroy died in 1828 without descent. The current descendants all of Lislet-Geoffroy are resulting from Marie Genevi? Louise Lislet-Geoffroy, his daughter, who?usa Victorien Parcou. One finds also Parcou Lilette, the injury which?it in this room one year ago. Terrible irony of the fate, the patronym so not easily acquired is become again simple a pr?m as that of Affranchis which held it of their m? slave. Of the Stitcher of erudite Roy?' Illustre: notable the social rise of Lislet-Geoffroy is rather easily read?ravers its diff?nts titles and its diff?ntes functions. Without this?cation, Lislet would be rest?n of these many mul?es, that the color of the skin made suspect to the White as to the Blacks. With him?rge probably the first m?s c?bre of Mascareignes. It will be necessary to await Auguste Lacaussade n?n 1815 to find of them another of which c?brit?asse it the shores of Mascareignes. One remembers that the son of Mrs. Desbassyns him-m?, ?e officer had not been able. In 1789, he is?lement founder of the Cabin of the 15?ort-Louis Artists which seems to have r?i a part plus progressist of the middle-class portlouisienne. Does this membership however have to him? d??un time?ause of the color of its skin. A certain Robert being opposed?e that a coloured man is member of the Great East of France. Was Lislet r?t??8 month later?a continuation of a proc?qui bl? Robert and who devoted?islet, the pl?tude his rights. But one smells there also the m? deaf opposition to the coloured persons. All its life one recognized and rented in him the scientist and the man cultiv?ais this homage sounds always a little false. The tone is sometimes a little forc?t often one has the impression that one knew gr?e to him his discr?on and of its tact?ester to the second rank. A beautiful second place, when m?, for a mul?e. Camp of the Blacks?a street Maillart: the propri?anger. We reach l?e heart of the ambiguous one? that it has v?e. Ambiguous? it became also the symbol. The qualit?' inhabitant, of ground owner, therefore slaves?it primarily li??elle of White. Until?a R?lution, the concessions agreement? with freed or free from color?ient tr?peu many, about the exception. Niama was one of these exceptions. Mr Geoffroy knew that any social recognition passed by l?vec the knowledge of the reading and?iture. It is to require a concession which it learns?igner?iama. D?que Lislet has wages, which makes the transaction licit, it sells to him a portion of the ground of Flat Basin, of approximately 3 ha. It is a beautiful cons?ation for 1788. All will its life Lislet make m? with his/her children. Thus he was the h?tier of his own died son?a of this last in 1828. Do inhabitants them-m?s, they take part fully in the social play since they pay the imp? n?ssaire mark of citoyennet?Jusqu' in 1807, it has land goods only those which it obtained by concession for exceptional work?itre of premium to some extent: the site street Madam and of Artois on which it builds the family house has?ge (six pi?s) and two others b?ments (d?ndances and cooks). 7600 m2?a Large-Rivi? West?on return of the exp?tion?a Baie of Ste Luce?adagascar of which it had lev?a chart. 1000 m2 street of the Inch with a house. approximately 33 ha in Seychelles for the land surveying of the Islands and r?ement of the quarrels of demarcation. 3,5 ha in R?it for the excellence of its service. It gains 2400 pounds then per annum, its capital repr?nte 86 years 1/2 of wages. In 1814, taking into account the fluctuations mon?anger, this fortune, in the act of division of its goods with his/her children?ivaut? 168 piastres. Does the inventory of its goods fix its fortune then? 170 piastres, they is -?anger 1/3 of more than 20 years before, that is to say?ivalent it 127 years of wages. Twenty years later, in 1836 died?a, it has doubl?la succession which?oit?a girl is of 17 850 piastres. It?ivaut then?47 years of wages of a captain. Do the grounds b?s with the Camp of the Blacks have? valoris?par compl?ntaires purchases or?anges. It is in this district r?dentiel that his/her daughter settles in 1837?a dead of its p?. Are Lislet-Geoffroy, as?ui, rest?id? with the Camp of the Blacks and?a family house of the Street of Artois. The remainder of fortune is invested in grounds of the outskirts of the city of Port-Louis, with the Straws. Its descendants sold to with it, ten years ago, a small portion of ground for 2 million rupees. The choices of investment of Lislet-Geoffroy thus have assur?ne honourable fortune for its ten grandchildren. A post?t?ourgeoise assur? Its social status their allowed marriages with English civils servant. Marie-Emilie, the premi?, ?use Charles Webb then Richard White. Louise Antoinette, the quatri?, ?use William Godley. It ties also alliances with middle-class families board?. Louise Charlotte, the troisi?, ?use a Vincent, known lawyer then magistrate, and one of Espagnac in second weddings. Marie Dawn Marie with a noble German, Karl Alphons. When one?die the tree g?alogic, none the descendants bears a name resulting from a nickname nor of a patronym which could let suppose a servile or freed ascent. No Indian patronym nor Chinese, that names of origin europ?ne. It repr?nte a hundred and fifty years of volont?' alliances chosen to remain in the relative? Free-Mauritians. None of its many descendants, thereafter, seems to have known put?. It is the ambiguous one? m? of this soci? multiracial Mauritian strongly impr??de communalism. Does its origin basically m?sse make of it more one group?rtel?ntre its nuances of skin that a communaut?? of it-m? because conscious and fi? of his deep identit?Les downward of did Lislet-Geoffroy r?issent them-m?s m? F?. Some are proud of their a?l, the others reject the mul?e. We should now tackle the essential question of the image that Lislet-Geoffroy has repr?nt?pour all?que and for a whole soci?. What returns?border the R? social and policy which it has jou?u that one A can -?e desired make him play. In a word: does its social rise have? favoris?ou tol?e in o?l measurement could serve?' social order. Which R? it has jou?ans what some have appel?a joke of abolition or deafening it silence. Marcel Leguen in his History of R?ion, appeared in 1979, goes there straight to the point: "One e?aim?rouver under the feather of this intelligent and educated character, out of the commun run (.), some cry of r?lte, some impatience at least, towards the abominable condition of its fr?s of color. Indeed all the question is l?brutale, difficult?ccepter when one has for Jean-Baptist the in?table tenderness of the biographer. That?ela does not hold, test r?ndre?elui which is made the devil's advocate. It is s?ment a concept which was compl?ment?ang? Contemporary?islet-Geoffroy and?es. It is more one d?lpabilisante formulation White which a r?it?u 18th si?e. Lislet-Geoffroy is always a rest?ier of his maternal ascent. Niama is girl of King de Galam whose family was massacr?par the members of a royaut?ivale. Let us put the things?or places: neither Niama nor Lislet s?ment wanted to qualify them "fr?s of color". Nowadays which Tutsi wants to call an Hutu its "Fr? of color ". Let us not forget either that King de Galam had his slaves as the lord m??l had his serfs and Tolsto?es mujiks. It is not a question?demment of justifying slavery nor the exploitation of the man by the man, but r?it?conomic and social the?que one should not either be gummed. When Mascareignes are gradually colonis? between 1650 and 1750, did the d?nteurs of the tool?nomic have?ransformer for? primitives in profitable farms. Europe had put more mill?anger?e to make on its territory. Reprocher?islet-Geoffroy for not having lanc?e cry of r?lte, is also d?soire to reproach?acquard for not having men?a r?lte Silk workers. To be mul?e and poss?r slaves could not?'?que?e consid? like opprobrium. It is not a reason to justify slavery, I it r?te, but it?it the r?it?ociale of then. Relation paternalist, s?ment, but relations before very human. Often slaves of house or talent more than slaves of pickaxe who fold under the whip of a sadistic Commander. This r?it? exist?certes, but s?ment not at Lislet-Geoffroy. It poss?it of the slaves because there was not other possible labour, but it respected the men. In an autobiographical letter with the Baron de Zach, in 1816, Lislet-Geoffroy?it?ropos of his R? during R?lution: "I have? enough happy to contribute?r?rver this Colony of misfortunes and the d?stres which have boulevers?os Western colonies. Did the Files and the Mauritians authors attest well??re existence of this Assembl?en 1790 but the history remained dumb on the R? of Lislet. Do my?use and I have trouv? London, in British Driven?, in papers of the funds Farquhar, a letter sign?"Lislet Pr?dent". It thus has indeed pr?d?' Assembl?des coloured persons. Then, why have had this r?tionnaire influence. Why have made the play of the social order?out price. Why have made the play, finally, of worst holding of the slave system. Is its port?r?lutionnaire thus more than limit? The spectrum of the bloody r?lte of Santo Domingo will p?ra on all Mascareignes throughout the p?ode r?lutionnaire. Lislet, soldier, were aware perfectly of it. Without speaking, later, of both envoy?du Directory Baco and Burnel. May 19, 1791, the Constituent one gave the citoyennet?ux free n?de free parents them-m?s. It is l?u' one sees the importance of the useful pr?ution of Mr Geoffroy to have made note the stamping from Niama right before the bapt? of Lislet. Who would have had, then, among the Free ones of color, the id?de to reject what nowadays one would call avanc?politic significant. Lislet conna?les forces in pr?nce, which they are political, administrative or military. The moiti?es?s of Assembl?coloniale is found in the ma?nic cabins. It knows that the?nomic?ilibre and social would not survive?ne r?lte popular." but which, once the passion of the speaker retomb?r?ge, a few days later Instructions for the Colonies. It?it then?ropos of the slaves: "a change of (their) condition in the current?t of the things would be against the good g?ral and could become to him disastrous?lement. They fight before very for the civil laws of Free of Color. It will be exactly m? with the Franks-cr?es of 1831?ourbon. Will the word be taken again?' envi and r?p? by many speakers. Of 1794?796 do Mascareignes form part of R?blique one and indivisible but one does not apply to it the Law in his entirety in the name of their sp?ficit?Lorsque Mascareignes will be?g? in d?rtement in the Constitution of Year III, they will fight against the d?rtementalisation and "the assimilation". No soul?ment of slave occurred, no demonstration for d?ndre Abolition. On the contrary, these?nements, which are a v?table putsch against R?blique, the Humans right and Libert?se d?ulent in the indiff?nce slaves. It chose another way that that of All Saints' day the Opening, I do not think who it is more?l?r that another. Is Lislet-Geoffroy neither more nor less than one man of his time, conscious of the stakes of the soci? fragile in which it lives. Not more than of others, in the name of social peace, it is not?v?ontre a sp?ficit?ocale. It?it admittedly in the 1796 bus since. Does it have tir?n favours unspecified R? of mod?tor that it to reconna?avoir jou?ui-m?. The curve of its social rise did not feel any, not more than that of its goods. They correspond both, we saw it, with the progressive fruits and r?liers of its talents and its work. It is difficult to believe that this calculation does not have? fact. But makes some, the things with the daily newspaper did not change much since Premi? Dead abolition?it rest?lettre. With-del?e is the EC personal rise it a whole social class which?rge gr.? with the assets of R?lution Fran?se and?a volont?olitic English. More than ever Lislet-Geoffroy symbolized this slow and irr?rsible r?lution. An important and significant date is that of January 11, 1832: it marks the official opinion of the Admission of the children of color to the coll? Royal. The soci? of Natural History of Maurice whose Lislet-Geoffroy?it founder member had held?e to r?ir in his walls. The admission of these children of color in this stronghold symbolic system of the white?cation, it is also the personal victory of Lislet-Geoffroy. The 1st f?ier 1835 has d?tre for him one day particuli?ment?uvant and it has d??0 years, apr?une long battle, to enjoy the go?d' a r?le victory. M? if the oppositions of the large white growers have? savage, English abolition is effectu?sans social convulsions. The personnalit?e Lislet-Geoffroy was for something in this r?site 13 years before the arriv?de Sarda-Garriga?a R?ion. It chose the difficult way of wisdom and the mod?tion, thus running the risk of?e tax?e kindness by a camp as by the other. The Chestnuts, s?ment the first novel r?ionnais, is the novel of the scandal of the loves of a girl of good white family and of a slave. With the exit of proc?inique, which shows this dangerous Mul?e of plot against the colonial order, the author of Chestnuts is condamn? the exile. But which?it thus this mul?e unknown. It?it the small son of Jean-Baptist Houat, cousin of the premi? woman of Lislet-Geoffroy and t?in of his marriage. It is gr.? with the marriage contract that this filiation could?e?blie. Still a pr?eux act notari?e Lislet-Geoffroy. At a few months of his death, Lislet-Geoffroy assisted from his distant cousin. The payment in Cassation of Louis Timag? Houat, future p? hom?athy, it is also the posthumous victory of Lislet-Geoffroy, and it is not the least. If you will see "Go Maroon", look at well. The shade of the Lislet young person who ran the gullies?assin-Dish, planes these days on the Cave of the Swallows. MOT. Cl?: slave, freed, lislet Geoffroy, niama, black code, Timag?, free of color Measures of audience KING frequentation by